§4185 – Separate Interest

“Separate interest” has the following meanings: In a community apartment project, “separate interest” means the exclusive right to occupy an apartment, as specified in Section 4105. In a condominium project, […]

§4178 – Reserve Account Requirements

“Reserve account requirements” means the estimated funds that the board has determined are required to be available at a specified point in time to repair, replace, or restore those major […]

§4177 – Reserve Accounts

“Reserve accounts” means both of the following: Moneys that the board has identified for use to defray the future repair or replacement of, or additions to, those major components that […]

§4175 – Planned Development

“Planned development” means a real property development other than a community apartment project, a condominium project, or a stock cooperative, having either or both of the following features: Common area […]

§4170 – Person

“Person” means a natural person, corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, or other entity.

§4160 – Member

“Member” means an owner of a separate interest.

§4158 – Managing Agent

A “managing agent” is a person who, for compensation or in expectation of compensation, exercises control over the assets of a common interest development. A “managing agent” does not include […]

§4155 – Item of Business

“Item of business” means any action within the authority of the board, except those actions that the board has validly delegated to any other person or persons, managing agent, officer […]

§4153 – Individual Notice

“Individual notice” means the delivery of a document pursuant to Section 4040.

§4150 – Governing Documents

“Governing documents” means the declaration and any other documents, such as bylaws, operating rules, articles of incorporation, or articles of association, which govern the operation of the common interest development […]

Overcoming Resistance to Funding Reserves

The Problem of Underfunding One of the most famous books of the last century is Dale Carnegie’s “How to Win Friends and Influence People.” Published in 1937, it has sold […]

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Top Ten Security Mistakes HOAs Make

Published in the ECHO Journal, April 2012 Regardless of whether you live in a densely populated urban area or a more suburban community, security is something most homeowners are concerned […]

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What is a “Request for Proposal”?

What is a “Request for Proposal”? An Ask the Maintenance Panel Feature Question: “What is a “request for proposal”? The association to which I belong needs to have some roofing […]

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Radar Imaging for Tree Risk Management in HOAs

Published in the ECHO Journal, May 2012 As you are traveling home one evening, you notice a consistent dull pain in your lower back. As the weeks pass the pain […]

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8 Rules to Follow When Creating Effective HOA Newsletters

Writing a newsletter for your HOA doesn’t have to be a tiresome and fruitless effort. By knowing and applying the rules of design, concision, graphics and photos, audience, etc. of […]

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The Perils of Hidden Damage in a Community Association: Part I

Published in the ECHO Journal, May 2012 Every community association will face a major reconstruction project several times in the life of the development. This may occur because of clearly […]

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The Perils of Hidden Damage in a Community Association: Part II

Published in the ECHO Journal, June 2012 Read “The Perils of Hidden Damage in a Community Association: Part I” What if the Cost of Repair exceeds all Expectations? That can […]

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How to Review Bank Statements and Monitor Your HOA’s Money

One of the most timely and efficient ways to keep track of association financial accounts is to properly review and reconcile bank statements. This includes implementing safeguards against fraud, monitoring […]

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Know Your Community’s Financial Position

While it is always important to know where your community stands financially, it is especially important to understand the community’s financial condition in today’s economy. There are several recommendations and […]

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Winter Thoughts for Spring

Published in the ECHO Journal, February 2013 The weather is cold and frosty, and those warm summer evenings and fall leaves are a distant memory. Spring feels very far away, […]

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“Green” Paint Technology

Published in the ECHO Journal, June 2012 Eco-Friendly Products on the Rise Selecting paint for your home, and particularly for an entire HOA, is an investment. The right choice can […]

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Develop Towing Partnerships

Published in the ECHO Journal, June 2012 Towing for All the Right Reasons No one can deny there are good ways to use towing: Someone who is using the parking […]

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